Matot-Masei

Introduction

Parashat Matot opens with a list of the laws governing vows—in particular, vows made by women. The basic principle that underlies these laws is that if a woman makes a vow, her husband or father can nullify the vow. However, if her husband or father is aware of the vow and voices no objection, his silence signals his consent and her vow stands. While the power dynamics with regard to gender are certainly troubling, the principle expressed in these laws—that silence means assent—suggests a powerful lesson about using our voices as we work to build communities committed to the pursuit of justice.[1]

The Torah summarizes the legal principles that govern a woman’s vow as follows:

Numbers 30:14-16 Every vow and every sworn obligation of self-denial may be upheld by her husband or annulled by her husband. If her husband offers no objection from that day to the next, he has upheld all the vows or obligations she has assumed: he has upheld them by offering no objection on the day he found out. But if he annuls them after [the day] he finds out, he shall bear her guilt.

Guiding Questions

• After learning of his wife’s vow, how much time does a husband have to annul it before it goes into effect? Why do you think the time frame is so short?
• In the last verse, the text states that if the husband delays his objection, his wife’s vow stands and he bears her guilt. Why do you think the guilt is borne by the husband and not the woman who made the vow?
• Although this text is specifically about annulling vows, the principles articulated in this text could be applied to speaking out against injustice. What lessons can you draw about when and how to object to injustice? What lessons can you draw about who bears responsibility for injustice?

Several verses from the book of Proverbs explicitly demand that we speak out against injustice:

Proverbs 31:8-9 Speak up for the mute, for the rights of all the unfortunate. Speak up, judge righteously, champion the poor and the needy.

Guiding Questions

• On a symbolic level, why do you think annuals are associated with Egypt whereas perennials are associated with the Land of Israel?
• How do you understand the command to speak up “for” others? What is the difference between speaking up “for” others and “with” them? Do you usually speak up “for” or “with”? Why?

Speaking up when injustice occurs can be a risky proposition—one that requires moral courage, or the willingness to act on our convictions regardless of the consequences. Writer Salman Rushdie articulates the importance of cultivating and supporting this kind of courage:

Guiding Questions

• What contemporary examples, either in your own life or in the public sphere, can you think of in which people exercising moral courage have faced harsh consequences? How have you responded to those incidents?
• In what ways can you nurture your ability to exercise moral courage and speak up when you learn about or encounter injustice?

Conclusion

Parashat Matot reminds us of the dangers of silence and also of the power of words. The very institution of vows, described at the beginning of the parashah, underscores that our words matter and have concrete consequences. As we read this parashah and contemplate the lesson above from Proverbs, let us commit to exercising the courage to raise our voices to protest injustice. May we also heed the words of activist writer Audre Lorde: “And at last you’ll know with surpassing certainty that only one thing is more frightening than speaking your truth. And that is not speaking.”